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1. The problem of "I can play an instrument, but I don't understand music theory."
You can play all the basic guitar chords. You can roughly follow the root notes of the bass. You can even play drum beat patterns. Yet, when your bandmates ask you, "What's the key of this chord progression?" or "Play this scale here," your hands suddenly freeze—have you ever had that experience? I myself have heard this problem from many people who started learning an instrument on their own. Instrumental playing technique and knowledge of music theory are like two completely different muscles; it's very common to be good at one while leaving the other completely blank.
This article was written by the Membo editorial team for beginner and intermediate band members who can play an instrument but don't understand music theory. Rather than discussing specialized harmony theory like you would learn at a music university, we'll explain the three basic elements of chords, keys, and scales in a way that's easy to understand, focusing on their practical use in a band. Knowing just these three elements will allow you to follow conversations and broaden your playing range. Taking a step beyond simply playing together in your first band practice and having music theory as a common language will make playing in a band much more enjoyable.
Let me preface this by saying that reading this article won't turn you into a composer tomorrow. Music theory is incredibly complex, and it's a system that you could spend a lifetime learning if you wanted to master it. Nevertheless, the three fundamentals—chords, keys, and scales—appear surprisingly frequently in band activities. In other words, if you grasp these three things, you'll be able to follow about 80% of conversations in the studio. So, let's relax and look at them one by one.
2. Why is music theory useful for band activities?
Some people might think, "I've always played by feel, so I don't need music theory now." And indeed, there are many musicians who play wonderfully without knowing any theory. Nevertheless, in the context of band activities—where multiple people create music together—knowledge of theory can be surprisingly helpful in many situations.
Intuitive vs. Theoretical: Advantages and Disadvantages of Each
The idea that "you can create good songs by feel alone, without knowing any theory" is certainly not wrong. In fact, there are many genres where a feeling-based approach truly shines, such as punk, garage rock, and highly improvisational jam sessions. The advantages and disadvantages of composing solely by feeling versus composing using theory can be summarized as follows:
| perspective | When composing based solely on feeling | When composing using theory |
|---|---|---|
| Freedom of thought | Unexpected developments that are not bound by existing patterns are likely to occur. | It's easy to gravitate towards diatonic chords when coming up with ideas (though it's also possible to deliberately choose to deviate from them). |
| Suitable genres | Punk, garage rock, highly improvisational jam sessions, etc. | J-POP and other genres that deal with complex chord progressions |
| Time for trial and error | Without clues to narrow down the candidates, the search tends to be time-consuming. | The key and diatonic chords allow you to narrow down the candidates, making it easier to shorten the code. |
| Communication with members | Descriptions tend to be vague, like "It's kind of like the part before the chorus of that song." | It can be expressed using specific degrees, such as "IV → V → VI minor". |
| reproducibility | It can be difficult to articulate why something was good, and it can be hard to reproduce. | Because I understand the structure, I can easily apply the same technique to other songs. |
To put it simply, it's not a matter of one being right and the other wrong. Phrases born purely from intuition often turn out to be excellent from a theoretical standpoint, and knowing theory allows for the conscious decision to "deliberately deviate from theory here." In band activities, the most practical and effective approach is to go back and forth between building a foundation intuitively and then refining it with theory.
| scene | If you don't know the theory | If you know the theory |
|---|---|---|
| Composition and arrangement | Because they rely solely on their senses to find the sound, the trial-and-error process takes a long time. | You can narrow down the candidates based on the key and diatonic chords. |
| ear copy | You have no choice but to search for it one note at a time by trial and error. | Knowing the key narrows down the possible codes that can be used. |
| Session management skills | It's difficult to respond to unfamiliar songs and improvisation instructions. | I can respond the moment I hear "Key: C major". |
| Communication among members | The conversation becomes more intuitive, like, "It's kind of like the part before the chorus of that song." | "The chord progression before the chorus is IV→V→I," they explained specifically. |
| Improvised solo | It tends to become a random phrase that ignores the chord progression. | You can construct phrases that are less likely to go off-topic by applying scales. |
Especially when you're creating original songs as a band , having or not having music theory directly impacts the speed of your work. There's a huge difference in the amount of time spent on trial and error between trying to figure out "what chord would sound right next" based solely on intuition, and searching with the understanding that "these are the possible diatonic chords for this key." Of course, sometimes progressions emerge that ignore theory and "can't be explained by logic, but sound good," but even that is only possible because you have the map of theory, which allows you to consciously choose to "deliberately deviate here."
Furthermore, when searching for new members or session partners on Membo , sharing a basic vocabulary of music theory makes communication with members you're meeting for the first time significantly smoother. If you can communicate things like "What's the key?" or "Just tell me the chord progression first," you'll be able to quickly synchronize your sound even when you're in the studio with members you're meeting for the first time.
3. What is a chord? | Major/Minor and how to read chord names
Let's start by confirming the meaning of the word "chord." In musical terminology, a chord is defined as multiple notes of different pitches played simultaneously. The "C chord" and "Am chord" played by pressing down on multiple strings on a guitar at the same time are precisely examples of this chord.
The most basic type of chord is called a "triad," which is a combination of three notes. There are two main types of triads:
| kinds | Characteristics of sound | Example of code name notation |
|---|---|---|
| Major chord (major triad) | A bright, powerful, and open sound. | C (Do-Mi-So), G (So-Si-Re), F (Fa-La-Do) |
| Minor chord (minor triad) | A poignant, calm, and melancholic sound. | Am (A-D-E), Dm (D-F-A), Em (E-G-B) |
There are rules for reading chord names. Each letter (C, D, E, F, G, A, B) corresponds to a musical note (Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si). The letter alone (e.g., C) represents a major chord, while the letter with a lowercase "m" (e.g., Cm) represents a minor chord. Furthermore, adding "7" indicates a seventh chord (e.g., G7, Am7), and adding "sus4" indicates a suspended fourth chord. In this way, chord names are a very rational system that can express even subtle nuances by combining symbols.
The important thing here is not to memorize chord names by rote, but to understand them in terms of their "layered structure." The difference between a major chord and a minor chord is just a semitone difference in the middle note (the third). This semitone difference is what separates a bright sound from a melancholic sound—simply knowing this fact will greatly change how quickly you learn chords and how well you can handle chord names you've never seen before. As mentioned in "How to Become a Keyboard Player ," keyboard instruments are the most visually clear instruments for understanding chord structures, so checking them out on a keyboard is recommended for those who want to understand the mechanics of chords from the beginning.
4. What is a key? | How knowing the key of a song changes things
Next, it's important to understand the concept of "key." Simply put, key indicates "which note is the central element of a song." If the key is "C major," then the song is built around the note C, creating a bright and cheerful sound.
What specifically changes when you know the key of a song? Here's a summary of the practical benefits:
- The list of possible chords to be used is narrowed down —making it easier to predict what chord will come next within the range of diatonic chords, as will be discussed later.
- Transposing (changing keys) becomes easier —when adjusting the key to match the vocal range, if you understand the relationship between the key and the chords, you can mechanically replace them.
- Making improvisational solos less likely to go off-key —by applying scales corresponding to the key, you can construct phrases that are less likely to sound dissonant.
- This can be a clue when transcribing by ear —if you can guess the key, you can narrow down the possible chords used beforehand.
There are two main types of keys: major keys and minor keys. Major keys tend to be used for songs with a bright and open sound, while minor keys tend to be used for songs with a melancholic and profound sound. Of course, this is just a general tendency, and there are many songs in minor keys that have a sense of speed, and many songs in major keys that are melancholic, but understanding this general framework will make it easier to connect the impression you get from listening to a song with the relationship between the key and the song.
The circle of fifths is a diagram that visually organizes the relationships between keys. By looking at this diagram, which arranges the 12 major and minor keys in a circle in relation to perfect fifths, you can see at a glance which keys are closely related to each other (i.e., which keys are easy to modulate between). It may seem difficult at first, but just looking at the circle of fifths diagram once will make understanding diatonic chords and key changes, which will be discussed later, much easier.
Specific steps for transposing | Raising the key from G to A
Transposing, or changing the key to match the vocal range, is a task that can be handled mechanically if you understand the relationship between keys and chords. Let's look at a specific example: raising the key from G to A by a whole tone (two semitones).
- Check the degrees of the original key —for example, the progression "G→Em→C→D" can be expressed in terms of degrees as "Ⅰ→Ⅵm→Ⅳ→Ⅴ".
- Determine the amount of the semitone shift —from G to A, it's a whole tone (two semitones). Shift all chords by the same amount.
- Shift each chord by two semitones —G→A, Em→F#m, C→D, D→E, and so on, mechanically sliding all chords while maintaining the interval relationships (the basic structure of "Ⅰ→Ⅵm→Ⅳ→Ⅴ" remains unchanged).
- Check how to handle each instrument — See the following table to see how each part should handle using their respective instrument.
| musical instrument | How to handle transposition |
|---|---|
| guitar | By attaching the capo to the corresponding number of frets (2 frets in this example), you can play using the original chord shape. |
| base | Slide the position on the fretboard by the amount you want to move (2 frets in this example). The shape of the degree remains the same. |
| keyboard | Use the transpose function, or shift the actual keys by the amount you want to move them. |
| vocal | Sing the song in the transposed key and check if it falls within a comfortable vocal range. |
In this way, by understanding progressions using degree names, transposition becomes a mechanical process of parallel movement rather than a task of rethinking each chord individually. Even when a band decides to "raise the key by a semitone," they can respond without confusion as long as they share the same degree names.
5. The Basics of Scales | Major Scales and Minor Scales
A musical scale is an arrangement of notes in order of pitch. The sequence Do-Re-Mi-Fa-So-La-Ti-Do is the "major scale," which is familiar to every Japanese person. The intervals between notes in this sequence (whole tones and semitones) create the bright sound characteristic of the major scale.
The counterpart to the major scale is the "minor scale." There are several types of minor scales (natural minor, harmonic minor, melodic minor), but the one you should first master for practical band activities is the natural minor scale. Compared to the major scale, the 3rd, 6th, and 7th notes are a semitone lower, and this is the source of its melancholic sound.
| scale | A sequence of notes starting from C | Impression of sound |
|---|---|---|
| C major scale | Do-Re-Mi-Fa-So-La-Ti-Do | Bright and open |
| A natural minor scale | La Si Do Re Mi Fa So La | Sad/calm |
Here's an interesting fact: the C major scale and the A natural minor scale use exactly the same notes. This is called the "relative key" relationship. Even though they use the same seven notes, depending on which note is considered the "root note," they can sound bright or melancholic. Understanding this relative key relationship will greatly advance your understanding of diatonic chords, which will be explained in the next chapter.
For guitarists and bassists, scales are often learned through muscle memory as finger shapes (forms). However, understanding "why" those forms are arranged in a particular way, in terms of note intervals, makes it easier to apply learned forms to different keys and to encounter unfamiliar scale names. As mentioned in our guides on becoming a guitarist and bassist, practicing while being aware of the correspondence between positions on the fretboard and note names is the quickest way to connect theory and practice.
6. Diatonic Chords | A List of Chords Usable in a Key
The most important concept in this article, connecting chords, keys, and scales, is "diatonic chords." This concept, established in the field of popular harmony , refers to "a list of chords built using only the notes of a given key's scale." In other words, once a key is determined, the number of possible chords that can be naturally used within that key is actually narrowed down to seven.
Let's take the key of C major as an example and list the diatonic chords.
| frequency | code | Role (function) |
|---|---|---|
| I | C | Tonic (center/stability) |
| IIm | Dm | Subdominant |
| IIIm | Em | Tonic-oriented |
| IV | F | Subdominant (somewhat unstable) |
| V | G | Dominant (unstable, driving force for the next step) |
| VIm | Am | Tonic-leaning (a melancholic sound) |
| VII minor (♭5) | Bm(♭5) | Dominant (unstable) |
Take a look at this list and try to think of some actual J-POP and rock songs. You'll notice that many songs are made up of just these seven chords and their combinations. The tension and resolution flow of "tonic (stable) → subdominant (somewhat unstable) → dominant (unstable) → tonic (returning to stable)" forms the basic story of chord progressions.
A helpful way to memorize this list is to think in terms of "Roman numerals (degrees)." If you understand the progression "C→Am→F→G" in terms of degrees "Ⅰ→Ⅵm→Ⅳ→Ⅴ," you can move the same shape even if the key changes. For example, if you play the same progression in the key of G, it becomes "G→Em→C→D," and although the names of the chords change, the "story structure" seen in terms of degrees is exactly the same. This degree-based thinking is the essence of the adaptability that allows you to handle changes in key.
7. Commonly Used Chord Progression Patterns | Classic Progression / Canon Progression
Among the combinations of diatonic chords, there are several "standard progression patterns" that are particularly frequently used. Here are two that are especially famous in Japanese popular music.
The classic chord progression . The progression "IV△7→V7→IIIm7→VIm" is known as the classic chord progression and is used extremely frequently in J-POP. It is characterized by a sound that combines sadness and exhilaration, and has been used countless times in the pre-chorus and instrumental breaks of J-POP since the 1990s.
The Canon progression , "Ⅰ→Ⅴ→Ⅵm→Ⅲm→Ⅳ→Ⅰ→Ⅳ→Ⅴ," is called the Canon progression and originates from the Canon by the Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel. Characterized by its smooth, repeating descending flow, this progression is used in a wide range of genres, from moving ballads to grand rock anthems.
| Progress name | Degree notation | Impression of sound |
|---|---|---|
| Royal road progress | IV△7→V7→IIIm7→VIm | A feeling of sadness and exhilaration coexist. |
| Canon progression | I → V → VI minor → III minor → IV → I → IV → V | A smooth and moving descent |
| Cycle chords (I → VI minor → IV → V) | I → VI minor → IV → V | It has a stable feel and is a pop classic. |
There are two advantages to knowing these standard progressions. First, it provides a starting point when creating original songs : "Let's try putting it into this pattern first." Building a song from scratch is a very difficult task for beginners, but starting with proven progression patterns makes it easier to take that first step. Second, it helps you recognize when transcribing by ear, "Ah, this sounds like a standard progression." This is directly related to the ear-transcription tips we'll cover in the next chapter, so please try to remember at least these two progressions.
8. Practical tips for transcribing music by ear and determining key
One of the main purposes of learning music theory is to improve the efficiency of transcribing music by ear. Even without perfect pitch, you can transcribe music by ear with sufficient knowledge of theory. Here, we will introduce a procedure for determining the key and transcribing music by ear that even beginners can use.
- Check the last note and chord of the song —many songs end on the tonic (the central note of the key), and the ending chord is often a clue to determining the key.
- Following the movement of the bassline —Since the bass often plays the root note (the lowest note) of the chord, understanding the bassline allows you to see the general outline of the chord progression.
- Compare it to a list of diatonic chords —once you have an idea of the key, narrow down the candidates from the seven diatonic chords of that key.
- Comparing it to standard progression patterns —checking if it fits into classic progressions or canon progressions can suddenly reveal the chord progression.
This process is supported by a sense called " relative pitch ." Unlike absolute pitch , which allows you to identify the name of a note by listening to it in isolation, relative pitch is the sense of perceiving sequences of notes by the difference in pitch between previously heard notes. Relative pitch is not an innate talent, but rather a sense that many people develop naturally as they gain musical experience, and it can be steadily honed by repeatedly listening to chord progressions.
When you're not used to transcribing by ear, it's a painstaking process: listening to the original song and roughly estimating the key, then checking each chord one by one with a diatonic chord chart at hand. Even so, compared to fumbling around note by note with no theoretical knowledge whatsoever, having just seven candidates significantly reduces the time required.
When you're ready to play along with the tracks you've transcribed by ear with your band, it's a good idea to check your answers with session partners you've found on Membo . You'll often arrive at the correct version faster by sharing your opinions with others, saying things like, "This is how I hear this chord," rather than transcribing by ear alone.
9. Practical methods you can use even if you can't read sheet music | Chord charts, tablature, degree names
Many people think, "I can't read sheet music, so I can't understand music theory," but in reality, much of the theory used in band activities can be put into practice even if you can't read musical notation. Let's review three notation methods commonly used in band settings.
| Musical notation | Features | Suitable situations |
|---|---|---|
| Chord chart | A simple musical score with only chord names written on top of the melody. | Most common in singer-songwriter and ensemble performances in general. |
| Tablature | A notation system that uses numbers to indicate the finger positions on the fretboard of stringed instruments. | Situations where you want to know specific fingerings for guitar and bass |
| Degree Name (Degree Notation) | A chord is represented by a relative degree to the key (e.g., I, IV, V). | Situations where you want to share the structure of the progression even if the key changes. |
For string instrument players in particular, tablature is an extremely practical notation system that allows you to understand fingerings directly, even if you can't read standard musical notation. This notation, which uses letters and numbers to indicate instrument-specific playing techniques, is more intuitive to understand than standard musical notation, and is therefore often the first notation system that people who start learning guitar or bass on their own encounter.
And the "degree names" (interval notation) that I've repeatedly mentioned in this article are actually a more important theoretical tool than musical notation. If you understand the notation "Ⅰ→Ⅵm→Ⅳ→Ⅴ", the moment a band member says "the key is E and this is the progression", you can automatically convert it into chord names in your head. Even if you can't read musical notation, if you understand just two things, chord charts and degree names, you can cover most of the theoretical communication in band activities.
For guitarists and bassists, chord diagrams (illustrations showing which strings on which frets of the fretboard to press) are a valuable tool. Even complex chords whose fingering is unclear from chord names alone (e.g., on-chords and tension chords) can be easily understood at a glance with a diagram. Chord charts, tablature, chord diagrams, and degree names are four different notation methods, each with its own strengths. Learning to use them appropriately depending on the situation will more strongly connect your understanding of theory with your actual playing.
10. How the theory is useful in each part
The usefulness of music theory varies slightly depending on the instrument you play. Let's look at it from each perspective.
Guitar . As mentioned in "How to Become a Guitarist ," guitar is a part where you often memorize chord forms and scale positions as finger shapes. However, if you understand the theory behind "why those notes are arranged in that order," you'll be able to apply the learned forms to different keys and flexibly handle transposition using a capo. When playing solos, knowing the scale corresponding to the key will allow you to construct phrases that don't stray too far from the chord progression.
Bass . As mentioned in "How to Become a Bassist ," the bass is the part that builds lines around the root note of the chord. If you have knowledge of diatonic chords, you will see more options for passing tones to fill in the gaps in the chord progression, making it easier to build lines that go beyond simple root note playing.
Drums . As mentioned in "How to Become a Drummer ," drums are not an instrument that directly plays chords or keys, but understanding the song's structure (verse, chorus, interlude, etc.) and the tension and resolution of chord progressions will give you more information to consider when to add fills and how to apply dynamics.
Vocals . As mentioned in "How to Become a Vocalist ," knowledge of keys is directly related to making decisions about transposing songs to suit your own vocal range. If the original song's key doesn't suit your voice, understanding the relationship between keys and diatonic chords will allow you to specifically communicate to the entire band how to request transposition.
Keyboard . As mentioned in " How to Become a Keyboardist ," keyboard instruments are the most visually intuitive instruments for understanding chord structures. They often play a bridging role in explaining music theory within a band, and it's not uncommon for other members to ask, "What's this chord?"
11. Common points of failure and how to overcome them
Self-studying music theory is one of the areas of learning where people often get discouraged. Here's a summary of common stumbling blocks and how to overcome them.
| Points of failure | cause | How to overcome |
|---|---|---|
| I'm overwhelmed by the sheer number of terms. | New terms like chords, keys, scales, and degrees all come at once. | As this article demonstrates, start by focusing on just three fundamentals: chords, keys, and scales. |
| Theory and actual performance are not connected. | Trying to absorb it all through classroom learning alone | I check the chords of my favorite songs by actually playing them while looking at the chord chart. |
| I remember it, but forget it in a few days. | I'm just accumulating knowledge without ever having the opportunity to use it. | Consciously using it during band practice (e.g., using degrees in conversation) |
| I don't know how much I should study. | The theoretical framework is vast and seems endless. | Clearly define the goal: "the level required for band activities." |
One of the most common hurdles is the disconnect between theory and actual performance. The quickest way to overcome this is to not just rely on theoretical study, but to always pick up an instrument and play while confirming the sound. Don't just look at a list of diatonic chords, but actually play I→IV→V→I on a guitar or keyboard. Don't just look at a Canon progression, but actually play the sound and experience it, thinking, "Ah, I've heard this sound in a song I know." Repeating this process will transform your knowledge into theory that you can truly use.
Furthermore, actually playing in a studio setting, like your first band practice , while communicating with other members about things like "in this key" and "using this progression," is a great help in solidifying your understanding of theory. Rather than continuing to study theory alone at a desk, creating as many opportunities as possible to use theory in a practical setting like a band is the quickest way to prevent frustration.
Another way to overcome this hurdle is to find friends with whom you can discuss theory without hesitation. When you're tackling thick theory books alone, it's easy to leave questions unanswered, but if you get to know members who are knowledgeable about theory in Membo , you'll have an environment where you can easily ask questions during practice. Small conversations like, "Is this chord progression in the right key?" will help fill in gaps in your understanding that you might not notice when studying on your own.
12. Learning Resources and Practice Methods for Self-Study
Steps to Self-Study | A Learning Roadmap in 3 Phases
Learning music theory on your own can be confusing, as it's easy to get lost about where to start. Following the following three-step roadmap will help you prioritize effectively and maintain consistent learning.
- Phase 1: Learning Chords and Keys — First, understand how to read chord names and the concept of keys (tonal levels) as covered in Chapters 3 and 4. Don't worry about diatonic chords or intervals yet; it's enough to understand just two things: "There are two types of chords: bright/melancholy" and "Every song has a central key."
- Phase 2: Practicing Diatonic Chords — While referring to the diatonic chord chart in Chapter 6, actually play chords like I→IV→V→I on an instrument. Practice comparing the chord progressions of your favorite songs with the diatonic chord chart and repeatedly substitute them, for example, "This chord is VI minor."
- Phase 3: Applying Scales — Once you're comfortable with diatonic chords, try improvising and creating phrases using the scale knowledge from Chapter 5. This stage involves applying scales corresponding to the key to construct solos and ornamental phrases.
You don't need to complete all three phases perfectly in order before moving on; it's more realistic to move back and forth between them, gradually deepening your understanding. Phase 1 alone is sufficient for conversations in the studio, so setting Phase 1 as your initial goal will lower the barrier to entry.
From here, I will introduce some practice methods that will be particularly helpful in progressing through these three phases.
- Playing along to your favorite songs while looking at the chord charts —experiencing the chord progression in actual songs is more effective for learning than reading theoretical explanations.
- Print out a diatonic chord chart and bring it to the studio —keep it handy until you've memorized it, so you can refer to it whenever needed.
- Develop the habit of looking at the circle of fifths diagram —having a visual understanding of the relationships between keys will make it easier to make decisions about modulation and transposition.
- Consciously listen to songs that use the classic chord progression or the Canon progression —develop an ear to recognize, "This is a classic chord progression."
- Try humming using degree names —practicing humming using degree names, like "one-five-six minor-four," helps you develop a sense of how to adapt to changes in key.
When learning music theory on your own, you don't need to aim for perfection from the start. Just the four concepts introduced in this article—chords, keys, scales, and diatonic chords—will definitely stick with you within a few months if you use them repeatedly. Even just reviewing theory during short breaks between studio practice sessions or while waiting for the band's sound and PA system to be adjusted will steadily build your knowledge.
If you feel you've reached your limits with self-study alone, forming a band with members knowledgeable in music theory is one practical learning method. If you have a keyboardist with strong theoretical skills or a member with extensive composition experience in the same band, you can naturally absorb theoretical knowledge through actual performance. Finding such members at Membo is one realistic option for overcoming the challenges of self-study.
13. Self-Study Materials for Music Theory: Recommended Learning Methods by Type
We often hear people say, "I want to read books, but there are so many kinds, I don't know which one to choose." Here, we introduce real-world learning materials categorized by learning style. Please use this as a reference when choosing materials you haven't tried yet.
For those who want to learn systematically and thoroughly | Textbook type
"An Easy-to-Understand Textbook of Music Theory" (by Kimiyoshi Akiyama, Yamaha Music Entertainment, with CD) is an introductory book that carefully explains the principles of music theory applicable to all genres, including classical, jazz, rock, and J-POP. The included CD makes it ideal for self-study, as you can follow along with the explanations while listening to actual music.
For those who dislike reading or want to learn in a fun way | Manga type
"Learn Music Theory Through Manga!" (by Hidetoshi Wabimi and Teruya Sakamoto, 3 volumes) is a series that explains the very basics of music theory, such as note names, intervals, and scales, in a manga format. It is suitable for people who are hesitant to read text-only textbooks or who want to read it little by little during their commute or in their spare time.
For those who want to understand through video and audio | Video channel + book type
"OzaShin's Easy-to-Understand Introduction to Music Theory" (Natsume Publishing) , by OzaShin, who runs the YouTube channel "OzaShin Music," is a book that progresses in a conversational format between a teacher and a student, and its unique feature is that you can learn while listening to audio by scanning QR codes. OzaShin also publishes video series such as "Easy-to-Understand Chord Progression Lessons" on YouTube, making it one of the few learning materials that combines books and videos.
The type of book that suits you best will vary from person to person. It's recommended to start by browsing a few pages at a bookstore or through the sample pages of ebooks, choose one whose tone of explanation you feel is right for you, and prioritize reading it all the way through. When studying independently, it's less likely to lead to frustration if you complete one book before moving on to the next, rather than trying to use multiple materials at once.
14. On the rate of band members acquiring music theory.
Many people probably wonder, "How many Japanese band members have systematically studied music theory?" To be honest, I couldn't find any reliable statistical surveys on this topic conducted by public institutions or music organizations at this time. The reality is that, to the best of my knowledge, there is no official data that accurately quantifies the number of people involved in band activities or the rate at which they have acquired music theory.
Rather than presenting fabricated figures, I believe it is more honest to convey qualitative trends that are closer to reality. It is often said that there is a polarization between veteran band members who have continued to play by instinct and understand music by heart, even if they do not know the theoretical terms, and beginners who have just started playing an instrument and have a weak connection between theory and chord names. In other words, knowing theory "as words" does not necessarily mean that you can "actually play" in a theoretically correct way.
Regardless of which type you are, having a common language—chords, keys, scales, and diatonic chords—as introduced in this article will undoubtedly speed up communication in your band activities. Even without statistical data, the fact remains that "when people who know theory and those who don't communicate in the same studio, it's faster if they have a common language."
15. Frequently Asked Questions about Music Theory
Can I learn music theory even if I can't read sheet music at all?
You can learn it. The concepts of chords, keys, scales, and diatonic chords introduced in this article can all be understood using only chord names and degree names (degree notation). The ability to read musical notation is not a prerequisite for learning music theory.
Once you learn music theory, doesn't the music you've been creating purely by feel suddenly seem less interesting?
Many people worry about this, but in reality, the opposite is more common. Theory is not a constraint that says "this is the only way," but rather a map that shows "these are some other options." You might realize that the progression you've chosen intuitively is actually the standard progression, which can give you confidence, or you might be able to make the decision to deviate from it after learning about the theory. In most cases, it works to broaden your range of expression.
Which part is the easiest to start learning the theory from?
While there are individual differences, keyboard instruments (keyboards and pianos) are often recommended as an entry point to music theory because the structure of chords can be visually understood at a glance. Even those who play guitar or bass can benefit from using a keyboard to understand the mechanics of chords.
Is it better to learn the theory on your own or to be taught by someone?
Both approaches have their advantages. Self-study allows you to learn at your own pace, but it has the drawback of not having anyone to ask questions to. Having a band member who is knowledgeable about theory nearby allows you to resolve questions on the spot during practice, greatly increasing learning efficiency.
Does age matter when learning music theory?
It's irrelevant. Relative pitch and theoretical understanding are abilities that most people develop gradually through musical experience, and there's no specific age limit for starting. No matter what age you start, you'll steadily acquire these skills with repeated practice.
Is it okay to look for band members on Membo even if I don't have any theoretical knowledge yet?
Of course, that's not a problem. Membo has many positions that welcome beginners and don't require any theoretical knowledge. In fact, having a grasp of the basics of chords, keys, and scales introduced in this article beforehand will make communication with members you meet for the first time much smoother, so it's definitely worth reading beforehand.
16. Summary | Theory is a tool to expand freedom of expression
This article begins by empathizing with the frustration of "being able to play an instrument but not understanding music theory," and then goes on to cover the absolute basics of music theory, including what chords are, what keys are, the fundamentals of scales, the concept of diatonic chords, commonly used chord progression patterns, practical tips for transcribing by ear, practical methods for those who can't read sheet music, application methods for different parts, common frustrations and how to overcome them.
Music theory isn't a rigid set of rules that restricts your playing. Rather, by acquiring three maps—chords, keys, and scales—you can learn by ear faster, expand your options for composition and arrangement, and communicate with band members you've just met using a common language—theory is a tool to broaden your freedom of expression. Don't worry if you can't memorize everything introduced in this article. Keep a list of diatonic chords handy and gradually use them in actual band practice , and it will naturally become a part of your strengths.
Once you've mastered the basics of music theory, the next step might be to try creating original songs with a band . Alternatively, starting out in a cover band and analyzing the chord progressions of existing classics from a theoretical perspective is a great way to connect theory and practice. If you have the opportunity to play with members who are strong in theory, you'll likely make many discoveries that you wouldn't have noticed through self-study alone.
If you haven't yet found bandmates who enjoy discussing music theory with you, try searching for new members on Membo . Membo's recruitment listings include a variety of bands, from those welcoming beginners to those aiming to create serious original music using music theory. Reading our guides on choosing instruments , writing self-introduction statements when joining a band , and using social media will give you a better overall picture of your band activities. For those balancing band activities with a full-time job or aiming to perform at music festivals , a basic understanding of music theory will be a valuable foundation for the long term. If you're unsure how to use it, be sure to check out Membo's help page , user guide , app usage page , announcements page , and author information page. With chords, keys, and scales as your map, let's enjoy our band activities more freely from now on.
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